On this date in

1533 Queen Elizabeth I was born.

1822 Brazil declared its independence from Portugal.

1860 American folk artist Grandma Moses was born.

1900 Novelist Taylor Caldwell was born.

1901 The Peace of Beijing ended the Boxer Rebellion.

1913 Actor Sir Anthony Quayle was born.

1936 Charles Hardin "Buddy" Holly was born in Lubbock.

1940 The Nazis began their blitz of London.

1963 The Pro Football Hall of Fame opened in Canton, Ohio.

1969 Senator Everett M. Dirksen died.

1977 The Torrijos-Carter treaties, that guaranteed Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, were signed; G. Gordon Liddy was released after serving four years in prison for his role in the Watergate conspiracy.

1979 ESPN made its debut on cable television.

1986 Desmond Tutu became the first black to lead the Anglican church in South Africa.

1990 Kimberly Bergalis said she had been infected with HIV when she had her molars removed by dentist David Acer, who was diagnosed with AIDS three months before he performed the procedure.

1996 Rapper Tupac Shakur was shot in Las Vegas. He died six days later.

1998 Slugger Mark Maguire hit his 61st homerun of the season, equaling the mark set by Roger Maris; Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin incorporated a privately held company they called Google.